History of batik techniques

The art of dyeing cloth with obstacles staining technique using the night is one of the ancient art form. Discoveries in Egypt showed that this technique has been known since the 4th century BC, with the discovery of a mummy wrapping cloth which is also coated the night to form a pattern. In Asia, batik similar technique is also applied in China during the T'ang Dynasty (618-907) as well as in India and Japan during the Nara Period (645-794). In Africa, such as the batik technique known by the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria, as well as the Soninke and Wolof tribe in Senegal.Di Indonesia, batik is believed to have existed since the Majapahit era, and became very popular late eighteenth century or early nineteenth century. Produced Batik is all up to the early twentieth century and the new batik known after World War I or sometime in the 1920s.Although the word "batik" comes from the Javanese, the presence of batik in Java itself is not recorded. G.P. Rouffaer argues that the batik technique is likely to be introduced from India or Sri Lanka in the 6th century, or to-7.On the other hand, J.L.A. Brandes (Dutch archaeologist) and F.A. Sutjipto (archaeologist Indonesia) believe that the tradition of batik is a native of the area such as Toraja, Flores, Halmahera and Papua. It should be noted that the region is not an area that is influenced by Hinduism, but known to the ancient tradition of making batik.G.P. Rouffaer gringsing also reported that the pattern has been known since the 12th century in Kediri, East Java. He concluded that this pattern can only be formed by using a canting, so he argues that the canting is found in Java in the period surrounding itu.Detil carvings that resemble the pattern of batik cloth worn by the Prajnaparamita, the Buddhist statues of the goddess of wisdom from the East Java the 13th century. Detailed dress pattern featuring vines and delicate flowers similar to the traditional Javanese batik patterns that can be found now. This suggests that creating an intricate batik patterns can only be made with a canting has been known in Java since the 13th century or even earlier.Legend in the Malay literature of the 17th century, Sulalatus Salatin told Admiral Hang Nadim ordered by Sultan Mahmud to sail to India to get 140 pieces of cloth with a pattern of 40 litter types of flowers on each page. Being unable to fulfill orders, he made himself the fabrics were. But unfortunately shipwrecked on the way home and only capable of carrying four pieces that make the emperor kecewa.Oleh some commentators, who? litter was interpreted as batik.In European literature, batik technique was first described in the book History of Java (London, 1817) writings of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles. He had been a British governor of Java during Napoleon occupied the Netherlands. In 1873 a Dutch merchant Van Rijekevorsel give a piece of batik earned during his visit to Indonesia to Ethnic Museum in Rotterdam and at the beginning of the 19th century that began to reach the golden age batik. When exhibited at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1900, Indonesian batik amaze the public and artists.Since industrialization and globalization, which introduces automation techniques, batik is a new type emerged, known as batik and printed batik, while that produced by traditional batik techniques using a canting handwriting and night is called batik. At the same time immigrants from Indonesia to Malaya Fellowship also brought along their batik.